数据泵在10g刚推出的时候，跨版本的问题并不明显，而等到11.2推出之后，数据泵同样存在处理跨版本的问题。
Oracle原始的EXP/IMP导出、导入工具的扩版本特性对于从8/9版本就接触数据库的人来说，应该是基本常识了——低版本导出，目标版本导入。
而对于数据泵来说，很多人并没有意识到这一点，事实上数据泵如果从低版本导出，高版本导入是不需要额外处理的，而大多数的需求不是版本相同，就是版本升级，因此很多人没有注意到数据泵的版本问题。
不过如果数据泵从高版本导入大低版本，如果不加处理，就会出现下面的错误：
[orat1@hpserver2 ~]$ expdp test/test dumpfile=d_tmp:tab1.dp TABLES=tab1 Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production ON Mon Apr 27 09:50:10 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle AND/OR its affiliates. ALL rights reserved. Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options Starting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": test/******** dumpfile=d_tmp:tab1.dp tables=tab1 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS . . exported "TEST"."TAB1" 6.593 KB 63 rows Master table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /tmp/tab1.dp Job "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 09:50:17 |
11.2导入的文件，10.2直接导入报错：
[orat3@hpserver2 ~]$ impdp test/test directory=d_tmp dumpfile=tab1.dp Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production ON Monday,27 April, 2012 9:50:25 Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. ALL rights reserved. Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options ORA-39001: invalid argument VALUE ORA-39000: bad dump file specification ORA-39142: incompatible version NUMBER 3.1 IN dump file "/tmp/tab1.dp" |
正确的方式是在高版本导出的时候指定导出的版本，比如导入版本为10204，那么在11.2上导出时通过VERSION=10.2.0.4，确保导出的数据和结构和低版本兼容。
[orat1@hpserver2 ~]$ expdp test/test dumpfile=d_tmp:tab110204.dp TABLES=tab1 version=10.2.0.4 Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production ON Mon Apr 27 09:52:03 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle AND/OR its affiliates. ALL rights reserved. Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options Starting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": test/******** dumpfile=d_tmp:tab110204.dp tables=tab1 version=10.2.0.4 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS . . exported "TEST"."TAB1" 6.406 KB 63 rows Master table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /tmp/tab110204.dp Job "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 09:52:09 |
这样在10.2.0.4数据库上就可以直接导入了。
[orat3@hpserver2 ~]$ impdp test/test directory=d_tmp dumpfile=tab110204.dp Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production ON Monday, 27 April, 2012 9:54:35 Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. ALL rights reserved. Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options Master TABLE "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": test/******** directory=d_tmp dumpfile=tab110204.dp Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "TEST"."TAB1" 6.406 KB 63 rows Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Job "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 09:54:36 |